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external/entt/entt/docs/md/locator.md
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# Crash Course: service locator
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@cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN
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# Table of Contents
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* [Introduction](#introduction)
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* [Service locator](#service-locator)
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* [Opaque handles](#opaque-handles)
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# Introduction
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Usually, service locators are tightly bound to the services they expose and it's
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hard to define a general purpose solution.<br/>
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This tiny class tries to fill the gap and gets rid of the burden of defining a
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different specific locator for each application.
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# Service locator
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The service locator API tries to mimic that of `std::optional` and adds some
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extra functionalities on top of it such as allocator support.<br/>
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There are a couple of functions to set up a service, namely `emplace` and
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`allocate_emplace`:
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```cpp
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entt::locator<interface>::emplace<service>(argument);
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entt::locator<interface>::allocate_emplace<service>(allocator, argument);
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```
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The difference is that the latter expects an allocator as the first argument and
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uses it to allocate the service itself.<br/>
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Once a service is set up, it's retrieved using the `value` function:
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```cpp
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interface &service = entt::locator<interface>::value();
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```
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Since the service may not be set (and therefore this function may result in an
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undefined behavior), the `has_value` and `value_or` functions are also available
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to test a service locator and to get a fallback service in case there is none:
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```cpp
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if(entt::locator<interface>::has_value()) {
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// ...
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}
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interface &service = entt::locator<interface>::value_or<fallback_impl>(argument);
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```
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All arguments are used only if necessary, that is, if a service doesn't already
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exist and therefore the fallback service is constructed and returned. In all
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other cases, they are discarded.<br/>
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Finally, to reset a service, use the `reset` function.
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## Opaque handles
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Sometimes it's useful to _transfer_ a copy of a service to another locator. For
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example, when working across boundaries it's common to _share_ a service with a
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dynamically loaded module.<br/>
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Options aren't much in this case. Among these is the possibility of _exporting_
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services and assigning them to a different locator.
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This is what the `handle` and `reset` functions are meant for.<br/>
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The former returns an opaque object useful for _exporting_ (or rather, obtaining
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a reference to) a service. The latter also accepts an optional argument to a
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handle which then allows users to reset a service by initializing it with an
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opaque handle:
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```cpp
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auto handle = entt::locator<interface>::handle();
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entt::locator<interface>::reset(handle);
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```
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It's worth noting that it's possible to get handles for uninitialized services
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and use them with other locators. Of course, all a user will get is to have an
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uninitialized service elsewhere as well.
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Note that exporting a service allows users to _share_ the object currently set
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in a locator. Replacing it won't replace the element even where a service has
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been configured with a handle to the previous item.<br/>
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In other words, if an audio service is replaced with a null object to silence an
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application and the original service was shared, this operation won't propagate
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to the other locators. Therefore, a module that share the ownership of the
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original audio service is still able to emit sounds.
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